Carbon projects can be broadly categorized into two main types: Tech-based Projects and Nature-based Projects. Each category contains various specific project types.
Tech-Based Carbon Projects
Tech-based carbon projects primarily utilize technology to reduce greenhouse gas emissions or remove CO2 from the atmosphere:
- Direct Air Capture (DAC): Captures atmospheric CO2 using chemical processes and filters, then stores it.
- Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS): Combines bioenergy production with carbon capture and storage to offset carbon emissions.
- Carbon Capture at Point Sources: Captures CO2 directly from industrial processes or power generation facilities before it's released into the atmosphere.
- Enhanced Weathering of Minerals: Accelerates the natural weathering process to absorb atmospheric CO2 using ground minerals.
- Biochar Production and Use: Converts biomass into stable, carbon-rich biochar that can be used in soils for enhanced fertility while sequestering carbon.
Nature-Based Carbon Projects
Nature-based carbon projects focus on preserving or restoring ecosystems that naturally capture and store carbon:
- Afforestation and Reforestation
- Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+)
- Wetland Restoration and Creation
- Soil Carbon Sequestration through Sustainable Agriculture
- Peatland Conservation and Restoration
- Urban Green Infrastructure
- Blue Carbon Projects: Focus on marine and coastal ecosystems.
- Agroforestry Systems
- Riparian Buffer Zones
- Community-Based Reforestation Projects
Combined Tech-Nature Based Projects
Some projects may combine elements of both tech-based and nature-based approaches:
- Algae-Based Carbon Capture: Uses algae to absorb CO2 while growing, which can be processed into biofuels or other products.
- Carbon Capture from Waste and Biomass: Converts waste materials or biomass into bioenergy while capturing the carbon emissions.
These categories represent a spectrum of strategies aimed at reducing atmospheric CO2 levels, enhancing natural carbon sinks, and contributing to overall climate change mitigation efforts. Each approach has its own set of challenges and opportunities, but together they offer a comprehensive strategy for addressing global greenhouse gas emissions.